What breaksThe cost of late discoveryvc-toolchainsAFTER TAPEOUTPICPhotonic layoutGDS · S-paramslayer mapEICDriver ASICSPICE · GDSdevice modelsFPGAFirmwareRTL · SDCbitstreamPCBCarrier boardschematic · netlistBOMCHIPLETChiplet assemblyCDXML · 3Dbloxbump mapLEGENDhanded over by handdiscovered after tapeoutFive formats, handoffs by hand — and the result that invalidates another domain's work arrives after tapeout.Thermal, optical and electrical constraints collide in the last week.After tapeout, a fix is a new mask set.Lumicule